Wget for Windows

wget은 Linux 계열 운영체제에서 널리 사용되는 파일 다운로드 응용 프로그램이다.

ubuntu 24.04 LTS에서 터미널에서 wget을 이용하여 파일을 내려받는 모습

왜 이러한 물건이 필요한지 의문스러울 수도 있지만, Linux 운영체제의 상당수는 데스크톱 환경을 사용하지 않는다. 순수 CLI 환경이나 TLI환경에서 구동되는데, 이러한 환경에서는 웹 브라우저 등의 편리한 도구를 사용할 수 없다. 따라서 이런 경우 Wget은 인터넷상에서 파일을 내려받을 수 있는 훌륭한 도구이다.

Windows 상에서는 사용할 일이 없을 것 같지만, Llama를 사용하기 위해 내려받을 때와 같이 언어 모델을 내려받을 때 Wget을 사용해야 한다. 물론 오픈소스 프로그램이기 때문에, Windows에서 사용할 수 있도록 포팅된 버전이 존재한다.

그러나, Wget을 언어 모델 내려받기에만 쓰고 버리는 것은 아까운 일이다. 상술하였듯이, Wget은 파일을 내려받는 데 사용되는 강력한 도구이기 때문에, Wget의 Windows 설치법, 그리고 간단한 사용법들을 이 글에서 안내하고자 한다.

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Winget을 이용하여 Wget 설치

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(당연하게도) Wget을 Windows에서 사용하고자 한다면 먼저 Wget을 내려받아야 한다.

이곳에서 Wget을 내려받을 수 있으나, 이 방법으로 내려받은 Wget은 사용하기 불편하다. Portable 프로그램이기에 프로그램 경로가 시스템에 등록되어 있지 않기 때문이다. 이 때문에 수동으로 시스템에 Wget의 경로를 등록하거나, Wget을 사용하려면 프로그램의 경로를 찾아 들어가는 수고를 들여야 한다. 이는 Wget의 장점인 간편함을 제대로 사용할 수 없게 만든다.

GNU Wget 1.21.4 for Windows

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그러나 다행히도, Windows 버전 Wget 개발자가 프로그램을 Winget에도 올려놓았다. Winget을 통해 Wget을 설치하면 프로그램 등록과 업데이트까지 Winget이 다 해주기 때문에 Wget을 사용하기 매우 편리해진다.

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아래의 명령을 입력한다.

winget search wget

두 개의 프로그램 목록이 뜨는데, 장치 ID가 JernejSimoncic.Wget인 것이 우리가 내려받을 것이다. 상술한 내려받기 페이지에서 찾을 수 있는 개발자 이름이 JernejSimoncic 인 것을 찾을 수 있다. 물론 원한다면 다른 것을 이용하여도 된다.

 

아래의 명령을 입력한다.

Winget install --id JernejSimoncic.Wget

금방 설치가 끝난다.

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간단한 사용법

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Wget으로 파일을 내려받는 방법은 간단하다.

Wget "URL 주소"

wget https://catalog.s.download.windowsupdate.com/c/msdownload/update/software/secu/2024/05/windows10.0-kb5037768-x64_a627ecbec3d8dad1754d541b7f89d534a6bdec69.msu

그냥 위처럼 입력해도 그냥 파일을 내려받는다. 물론 해당 주소가 유효한 주소여야 하며, 파일 이름은 기본값으로 나온다.

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명령을 입력하면 아래와 같이 뜬다.

D:\TMP>wget https://catalog.s.download.windowsupdate.com/c/msdownload/update/software/secu/2024/05/windows10.0-kb5037768-x64_a627ecbec3d8dad1754d541b7f89d534a6bdec69.msu
--2024-05-16 14:36:58--  https://catalog.s.download.windowsupdate.com/c/msdownload/update/software/secu/2024/05/windows10.0-kb5037768-x64_a627ecbec3d8dad1754d541b7f89d534a6bdec69.msu
Resolving catalog.s.download.windowsupdate.com (catalog.s.download.windowsupdate.com)... 152.199.39.108
Connecting to catalog.s.download.windowsupdate.com (catalog.s.download.windowsupdate.com)|152.199.39.108|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 680898588 (649M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'windows10.0-kb5037768-x64_a627ecbec3d8dad1754d541b7f89d534a6bdec69.msu'

                    windows10   0%[                                                  ]   4.37M  61.8KB/s    eta 3h 18m

이미지에서 알 수 있듯, 파일의 이름이 변경되지 않은 상태로 저장된 것을 확인할 수 있다.

 

이를 변경하려면 -O 옵션을 주면 된다. 주의할 점은, -o 옵션을 주면 안 된다. 둘은 다른 옵션이다.

wget -O "저장할 파일 이름" "URL 주소"

예를 들어, 파일을 "D:"에 asdf.sdf라는 이름으로 저장하고 싶다면,

wget -O "D:\asdf.sdf" "URL"

과 같이 입력하면 된다.

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그 외 이모저모

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이 외에도, wget은 매우 강력한 기능을 많이 가지고 있다.

아래는 도움말 전문이다.

C:\Windows\System32>wget --help
GNU Wget 1.21.4, a non-interactive network retriever.
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

Startup:
  -V,  --version                   display the version of Wget and exit
  -h,  --help                      print this help
  -b,  --background                go to background after startup
  -e,  --execute=COMMAND           execute a `.wgetrc'-style command

Logging and input file:
  -o,  --output-file=FILE          log messages to FILE
  -a,  --append-output=FILE        append messages to FILE
  -d,  --debug                     print lots of debugging information
  -q,  --quiet                     quiet (no output)
  -v,  --verbose                   be verbose (this is the default)
  -nv, --no-verbose                turn off verboseness, without being quiet
       --report-speed=TYPE         output bandwidth as TYPE.  TYPE can be bits
  -i,  --input-file=FILE           download URLs found in local or external FILE
       --input-metalink=FILE       download files covered in local Metalink FILE
  -F,  --force-html                treat input file as HTML
  -B,  --base=URL                  resolves HTML input-file links (-i -F)
                                     relative to URL
       --config=FILE               specify config file to use
       --no-config                 do not read any config file
       --rejected-log=FILE         log reasons for URL rejection to FILE

Download:
  -t,  --tries=NUMBER              set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits)
       --retry-connrefused         retry even if connection is refused
       --retry-on-host-error       consider host errors as non-fatal, transient errors
       --retry-on-http-error=ERRORS    comma-separated list of HTTP errors to retry
  -O,  --output-document=FILE      write documents to FILE
  -nc, --no-clobber                skip downloads that would download to
                                     existing files (overwriting them)
       --no-netrc                  don't try to obtain credentials from .netrc
  -c,  --continue                  resume getting a partially-downloaded file
       --start-pos=OFFSET          start downloading from zero-based position OFFSET
       --progress=TYPE             select progress gauge type
       --show-progress             display the progress bar in any verbosity mode
  -N,  --timestamping              don't re-retrieve files unless newer than
                                     local
       --no-if-modified-since      don't use conditional if-modified-since get
                                     requests in timestamping mode
       --no-use-server-timestamps  don't set the local file's timestamp by
                                     the one on the server
  -S,  --server-response           print server response
       --spider                    don't download anything
  -T,  --timeout=SECONDS           set all timeout values to SECONDS
       --dns-servers=ADDRESSES     list of DNS servers to query (comma separated)
       --bind-dns-address=ADDRESS  bind DNS resolver to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host
       --dns-timeout=SECS          set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS
       --connect-timeout=SECS      set the connect timeout to SECS
       --read-timeout=SECS         set the read timeout to SECS
  -w,  --wait=SECONDS              wait SECONDS between retrievals
                                     (applies if more then 1 URL is to be retrieved)
       --waitretry=SECONDS         wait 1..SECONDS between retries of a retrieval
                                     (applies if more then 1 URL is to be retrieved)
       --random-wait               wait from 0.5*WAIT...1.5*WAIT secs between retrievals
                                     (applies if more then 1 URL is to be retrieved)
       --no-proxy                  explicitly turn off proxy
  -Q,  --quota=NUMBER              set retrieval quota to NUMBER
       --bind-address=ADDRESS      bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host
       --limit-rate=RATE           limit download rate to RATE
       --no-dns-cache              disable caching DNS lookups
       --restrict-file-names=OS    restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows
       --ignore-case               ignore case when matching files/directories
  -4,  --inet4-only                connect only to IPv4 addresses
  -6,  --inet6-only                connect only to IPv6 addresses
       --prefer-family=FAMILY      connect first to addresses of specified family,
                                     one of IPv6, IPv4, or none
       --user=USER                 set both ftp and http user to USER
       --password=PASS             set both ftp and http password to PASS
       --ask-password              prompt for passwords
       --use-askpass=COMMAND       specify credential handler for requesting
                                     username and password.  If no COMMAND is
                                     specified the WGET_ASKPASS or the SSH_ASKPASS
                                     environment variable is used.
       --no-iri                    turn off IRI support
       --local-encoding=ENC        use ENC as the local encoding for IRIs
       --remote-encoding=ENC       use ENC as the default remote encoding
       --unlink                    remove file before clobber
       --keep-badhash              keep files with checksum mismatch (append .badhash)
       --metalink-index=NUMBER     Metalink application/metalink4+xml metaurl ordinal NUMBER
       --metalink-over-http        use Metalink metadata from HTTP response headers
       --preferred-location        preferred location for Metalink resources

Directories:
  -nd, --no-directories            don't create directories
  -x,  --force-directories         force creation of directories
  -nH, --no-host-directories       don't create host directories
       --protocol-directories      use protocol name in directories
  -P,  --directory-prefix=PREFIX   save files to PREFIX/..
       --cut-dirs=NUMBER           ignore NUMBER remote directory components

HTTP options:
       --http-user=USER            set http user to USER
       --http-password=PASS        set http password to PASS
       --no-cache                  disallow server-cached data
       --default-page=NAME         change the default page name (normally
                                     this is 'index.html'.)
  -E,  --adjust-extension          save HTML/CSS documents with proper extensions
       --ignore-length             ignore 'Content-Length' header field
       --header=STRING             insert STRING among the headers
       --compression=TYPE          choose compression, one of auto, gzip and none. (default: none)
       --max-redirect              maximum redirections allowed per page
       --proxy-user=USER           set USER as proxy username
       --proxy-password=PASS       set PASS as proxy password
       --referer=URL               include 'Referer: URL' header in HTTP request
       --save-headers              save the HTTP headers to file
  -U,  --user-agent=AGENT          identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION
       --no-http-keep-alive        disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections)
       --no-cookies                don't use cookies
       --load-cookies=FILE         load cookies from FILE before session
       --save-cookies=FILE         save cookies to FILE after session
       --keep-session-cookies      load and save session (non-permanent) cookies
       --post-data=STRING          use the POST method; send STRING as the data
       --post-file=FILE            use the POST method; send contents of FILE
       --method=HTTPMethod         use method "HTTPMethod" in the request
       --body-data=STRING          send STRING as data. --method MUST be set
       --body-file=FILE            send contents of FILE. --method MUST be set
       --content-disposition       honor the Content-Disposition header when
                                     choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL)
       --content-on-error          output the received content on server errors
       --auth-no-challenge         send Basic HTTP authentication information
                                     without first waiting for the server's
                                     challenge

HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options:
       --secure-protocol=PR        choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2,
                                     SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1_1, TLSv1_2, TLSv1_3 and PFS
       --https-only                only follow secure HTTPS links
       --no-check-certificate      don't validate the server's certificate
       --certificate=FILE          client certificate file
       --certificate-type=TYPE     client certificate type, PEM or DER
       --private-key=FILE          private key file
       --private-key-type=TYPE     private key type, PEM or DER
       --ca-certificate=FILE       file with the bundle of CAs
       --ca-directory=DIR          directory where hash list of CAs is stored
       --crl-file=FILE             file with bundle of CRLs
       --pinnedpubkey=FILE/HASHES  Public key (PEM/DER) file, or any number
                                   of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by
                                   'sha256//' and separated by ';', to verify
                                   peer against
       --random-file=FILE          file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG

       --ciphers=STR           Set the priority string (GnuTLS) or cipher list string (OpenSSL) directly.
                                   Use with care. This option overrides --secure-protocol.
                                   The format and syntax of this string depend on the specific SSL/TLS engine.
HSTS options:
       --no-hsts                   disable HSTS
       --hsts-file                 path of HSTS database (will override default)

FTP options:
       --ftp-user=USER             set ftp user to USER
       --ftp-password=PASS         set ftp password to PASS
       --no-remove-listing         don't remove '.listing' files
       --no-glob                   turn off FTP file name globbing
       --no-passive-ftp            disable the "passive" transfer mode
       --preserve-permissions      preserve remote file permissions
       --retr-symlinks             when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir)

FTPS options:
       --ftps-implicit                 use implicit FTPS (default port is 990)
       --ftps-resume-ssl               resume the SSL/TLS session started in the control connection when
                                         opening a data connection
       --ftps-clear-data-connection    cipher the control channel only; all the data will be in plaintext
       --ftps-fallback-to-ftp          fall back to FTP if FTPS is not supported in the target server
WARC options:
       --warc-file=FILENAME        save request/response data to a .warc.gz file
       --warc-header=STRING        insert STRING into the warcinfo record
       --warc-max-size=NUMBER      set maximum size of WARC files to NUMBER
       --warc-cdx                  write CDX index files
       --warc-dedup=FILENAME       do not store records listed in this CDX file
       --no-warc-compression       do not compress WARC files with GZIP
       --no-warc-digests           do not calculate SHA1 digests
       --no-warc-keep-log          do not store the log file in a WARC record
       --warc-tempdir=DIRECTORY    location for temporary files created by the
                                     WARC writer

Recursive download:
  -r,  --recursive                 specify recursive download
  -l,  --level=NUMBER              maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite)
       --delete-after              delete files locally after downloading them
  -k,  --convert-links             make links in downloaded HTML or CSS point to
                                     local files
       --convert-file-only         convert the file part of the URLs only (usually known as the basename)
       --backups=N                 before writing file X, rotate up to N backup files
  -K,  --backup-converted          before converting file X, back up as X.orig
  -m,  --mirror                    shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing
  -p,  --page-requisites           get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page
       --strict-comments           turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments

Recursive accept/reject:
  -A,  --accept=LIST               comma-separated list of accepted extensions
  -R,  --reject=LIST               comma-separated list of rejected extensions
       --accept-regex=REGEX        regex matching accepted URLs
       --reject-regex=REGEX        regex matching rejected URLs
       --regex-type=TYPE           regex type (posix|pcre)
  -D,  --domains=LIST              comma-separated list of accepted domains
       --exclude-domains=LIST      comma-separated list of rejected domains
       --follow-ftp                follow FTP links from HTML documents
       --follow-tags=LIST          comma-separated list of followed HTML tags
       --ignore-tags=LIST          comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags
  -H,  --span-hosts                go to foreign hosts when recursive
  -L,  --relative                  follow relative links only
  -I,  --include-directories=LIST  list of allowed directories
       --trust-server-names        use the name specified by the redirection
                                     URL's last component
  -X,  --exclude-directories=LIST  list of excluded directories
  -np, --no-parent                 don't ascend to the parent directory

Email bug reports, questions, discussions to <bug-wget@gnu.org>
and/or open issues at https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?func=additem&group=wget.

보다시피 수많은 유용한 기능들이 들어있는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

상술한 -O 옵션이나, -c 옵션(--continue, 다운로드가 중단된 파일을 이어서 받을 수 있는 옵션)이나 -q옵션(--quiet, 출력창을 띄우지 않는 옵션) 같은 경우는 유용하니 외워두면 유용하다.